Rotational Dynamics Free Essays

string(40) as precisely and exact as possible. Rotational Dynamics Abstract Rotational elements is the investigation of the numerous precise reciprocals that exist for vector elements, and how they identify with each other. Rotational elements allows us to see and consider a totally new arrangement of physical applications including those that include rotational movement. The motivation behind this test is to explore the rotational ideas of vector elements, and study the connection between the two amounts by utilizing an Atwood machine, that contains two unique masses joined. We will compose a custom paper test on Rotational Dynamics or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now We utilized the tallness (0. Mother) of the Atwood machine, and the normal time (2. 5 s) the heavier eight took to arrive in a desperate predicament, to ascertain the quickening (0. 36 m/SAA) of the Atwood machine. When the speeding up was acquired, we utilized it to locate the precise increasing speed or alpha (2. 12 radar/SAA) and snapshot of force(torque) of the Atwood machine, in which then we were at long last ready to ascertain the snapshot of latency for the Atwood machine. In contrasting rotational elements and straight elements with vector elements, it fluctuated in the way that straight elements happens just one way, while rotational elements occurs in a wide range of headings, while they are the two instances of vector elements. Research facility Partners Divine Kraal James Mulligan Robert Goalless Victoria Parr Introduction The examination manages the Rotational Dynamics of an article or the round movement (revolution) of an item around its pivot. Vector elements, incorporates both Rotational and Linear elements, which concentrates how the powers and torques of an item, influence its movement. Elements is identified with Newton’s second law of movement, which expresses that the quickening of an article created by a net power is legitimately corresponding to the extent of the net power, in a similar heading as the net power, and contrarily relative to the mass of the item. This is the place the celebrated law of F=ma, power approaches mass occasions speeding up, which straightforwardly manages Newton’s second law of movement. The significant piece of Newton’s second law and how it identifies with rotational elements and roundabout movement, is that Newton’s second law of turn is applied legitimately towards the Atwood machine, which is Just an alternate type of Newton’s second law. This condition for roundabout movement is: torque=FRR=l(alpha), which is significant for helping us comprehend what powers are following up on the Atwood machine. It is imperative to test the equations since it either invalidates or demonstrates Newton’s second law of revolution and all the more critically encourages us find the snapshot of idleness and what it truly implies. Albeit both rotational and straight elements fall under the classification of vector elements, there is a major contrast between the two amounts. Direct elements relates to an item moving in an orderly fashion and contains amounts, for example, power, mass, uprooting, speed, increasing speed and force. Rotational elements manages objects that are pivoting or moving in a bended way and includes the amounts, for example, torque, snapshot of inactivity, rakish speed, precise increasing speed, and rakish force. In this lab we will consolidate both of these thoughts, however fundamentally concentrating on the rotational elements in the Atwood Machine. Each worth that we find in the analysis is significant for finding the snapshot of latency for the Atwood machine, which portrays the mass property of an article that depicts the torque required for a particular rakish increasing speed about a pivot of revolution. This worth will be found by getting the two masses utilized on the Atwood machine and figuring the weight, at that point getting the normal time it takes for the littler load to hit the ground, the stature of the Atwood machine, the range, the perimeter, and the mass of the wheel. From these qualities, you can figure the speed, quickening, precise increasing speed, rakish speed, and torque. In conclusion, the law of protection of vitality condition is utilized to discover the equations used to at last acquire the snapshot of inactivity. When these qualities are acquired, it is imperative to comprehend the rotational elements and how it identifies with vector elements. It isn't just critical to see how and why they identify with one another, yet to demonstrate or discredit Newton’s second law of movement and comprehend what it implies. Reason The motivation behind this analysis is to contemplate the rotational ideas of vector elements, and to comprehend the connection between them. We will expect the connections between the two amounts hold to be valid, by utilizing an Atwood machine with two unique masses appended to find the snapshot of idleness for the roundabout movement. Hardware The gear utilized in this test is as per the following: 1 Atwood machine 1 0. 20 kilogram weight 1 0. 25 kilogram weight 1 scale 1 bit of string 1 stopwatch with 0. 01 exactness Procedure 1 . Assemble the entirety of the hardware for the examination. 2. Measure the heaviness of the two masses by utilizing the scale, trying to quantify as precisely as could be expected under the circumstances. 3. Measure the length of the range of the wheel on the Atwood machine. At that point in the wake of getting this number, twofold it to acquire the circuit. 4. In the wake of estimating what is need, continue to set up the Atwood machine appropriately. Approach the TA for help if necessary. 5. First beginning by binds the finish of the string to the two loads, twofold hitching to ensure that it is tight. 6. Set the string with the loads joined to the notch of the Atwood machine wheel, ensuring that it is appropriately set up. 7. At that point set the lighter mass on the proper finish of the machine, and hold set up, with the goal that the beginning stage is at O degrees. 8. Ensure that the stopwatch is prepared to begin recording time. 9. At the point when both the clock and the weight dropper are prepared to begin, discharge the weight and start the time in a state of harmony with each other. 10. At the specific time the mass reaches the floor, stop the time as precisely and exact as could be expected under the circumstances. You read Rotational Dynamics in classification Papers 1 . Rehash this procedure multiple times, with the goal that a normal can be acquired of the three run times, making the information a substantially more exact portrayal of the time it takes he weight to hit the ground. 2. Since the span, masses, and time are recorded, the time has come to play out the computations of the information. 13. Ascertain the speed, increasing speed, precise quickening, snapshot of power or torque, lastly snapshot of idleness. 14. At last, think about the connections of the rotational ideas asked and make inferences. Notes and Observations The Atwood machine contained four external chambers that stood out of the wheel, which cause air opposition in revolution, and add to the snapshot of latency. The clock, was difficult to stop at the specific opportune time when the weight reached he floor. In conclusion, there was erosion of the string on the wheel, when the weight was discharged and it scoured on the wheel. Information Mass of the principal weight: 250 g=O. Barrel Mass of the subsequent weight: egg=O. Barrel Weight 1=MGM= 2. 45 N Weight 2=MGM= 1. 96 N Time 1: 2. 20 seconds Time 2: 2. 19 seconds Time 3: 2. 06 seconds Height: 82. 4 CM= 0. 824 m Radius: 17 CM= 0. 17 m Circumference (distance)= 0. 34 m Mass of the wheel= 221. G x 4= egg= 0. Barrel 2 x (change in a= (change in 0. 36 urn,’92 a=r x (alpha) alpha= alert = 2. 12 radar/92 Velocity’=d/t - ?0. 58 m/s E(final) E(final) + Work of grinding (l)g(change in height)= h + m(2)g(change in stature) + h + h law v/r Moment of Inertia= 0. 026 barrel x m/SAA summation of . 876 Error Analysis There was blunder to represent in this lab, which originally began with the four chambers that stood out of the Atwood machine in a roundabout example. This caused air opposition wherein we were unable to represent. We just e stimated the heaviness of the four chambers for the all out weight of the Atwood machine, on the grounds that the wheel itself was rubs in correlation. Despite the fact that it represented next to no blunder in our examination, it affected different numbers that we determined in our information, making them somewhat less exact. When finding the measure of time it took the heavier load to reach the elastic cushion, there was human blunder in the response time of the clock in which we represented, making our information progressively exact and exact. This is the reason we arrived at the midpoint of the entirety of the qualities so as to make the occasions progressively exact. In conclusion, there was mistake for the erosion of the string reaching the wheel, which we didn't represent, in light of the fact that there was no chance to get of representing it. The motivation behind why the power f the strain and the weight were not equivalent to one another was a direct result of this grinding power that existed, which we couldn't discover. End Throughout this trial we analyzed the roundabout elements of a pendulum when outside follow up on it, making the pendulum move in a roundabout movement. We estimated numerous qualities, including the period, so as to decide the hypothetical and exploratory powers following up on the pendulum. From this we had the option to make inferences about how the exploratory and hypothetical powers identify with one another. We additionally had the option to test Newton’s second law of movement deciding if t holds to be valid. The qualities that we got to get our trial and hypothetical powers began with setting up the cross bar set-up, and appending the string with the pendulum to the power check and getting the strain in the string which was 3 Newton’s, by perusing the off of the measure, while the pendulum was swinging around. We at that point estimated the mass of the pendulum with a parity scale to be 0. 267 kilograms, which were then ready to see the weight as 2. 63 Newton’s. Next we had the option to discover the length of the string and power measure att

All About Like

About Like About Like About Like By Mark Nichol Like is one of the most flexible of words, with faculties enveloping numerous grammatical features. Here’s an audit of its different implications and employments. As an action word, similar to implies â€Å"enjoy,† â€Å"feel friendship for,† â€Å"regard favorably,† â€Å"thrive in,† or â€Å"wish to have.† It can likewise mean â€Å"approve† or â€Å"prefer.† The thing like alludes to inclination or something that one loves. As of late, it has obtained the feeling of â€Å"an affirmation given online in endorsement of substance someone else has posted.† The word shows up as a thing in informal expressions, for example, those in â€Å"We haven’t seen any semblance of him for a long time† (which means â€Å"Someone taking after him hasn’t been seen for a long time†) and â€Å"She’s inclined toward lavender and the like† (which means â€Å"She’s inclined toward lavender and things that are like it†). As a descriptive word, similar to implies â€Å"possessing the equivalent or comparable attributes or qualities,† as in â€Å"They at long last conceded that they needed more like interests to continue a relationship.† As an addition, it has a descriptive capacity. Treatment relies upon what goes before it. Most words with the postfix are shut, with no hyphenation, as in â€Å"birdlike movements.† However, in the event that the base word closes with l (â€Å"the cell-like room†) or is a formal person, place or thing (â€Å"a Christ-like bearing†), utilize a hyphen. The intensifier like, subs for roughly or almost, as in â€Å"It was more similar to a dim orange than a pale red.† When casually alluding to estimations, the qualifier is once in a while utilized interjectionally: â€Å"It was, as, as long as my arm† or â€Å"He appears to come around like clockwork, like.† Similarly, it is incidentally utilized in conversational English for accentuation (â€Å"I was, as, astonished†) or, incomprehensibly, to recommend an offhandedness (â€Å"They were, such as, trusting someone would offer them a ride†). Calmly, it can likewise mean most likely, as in â€Å"I’ll be there in time, as enough.† The relational word like methods â€Å"comparable,† â€Å"similar,† or â€Å"typical†; that’s the grammatical form that is fundamental in a likeness, for example, â€Å"The grass, unsettled by the breeze, resembled a moving wave.† As a combination, similar to implies â€Å"the same as† or shows up instead of â€Å"as if† (â€Å"She seemed as though she was going to cry†). Casually, it is utilized likewise to the easygoing qualifier to present a citation, reword, or thought (â€Å"He’s like ‘Don’t even consider leaving now’†) or, following it’s, to communicate a broadly held assessment (â€Å"It’s like, it’s not going to make any difference.†) As a relational word, as is frequently viewed as sub-par compared to or considerably inappropriate as a substitute for â€Å"such as,† however similarly as with some other apparently unfortunate uses, this is adequate in even conventional exposition. The descriptive word like gets from the Old English term gelic, which means â€Å"similar.† Most of different grammatical forms got from this utilization, yet the action word originates from lician, which implies â€Å"please† or â€Å"be satisfying or sufficient†; the association is maybe that to be adequate is to be reasonable, which is to be comparable. Words dependent on the root like incorporate the accompanying: the same: comparable affable: pleasant probability: likelihood likely: appearing to be correct, appropriate, or valid, or truly plausible; additionally, encouraging or alluring compare: analyze resemblance: likeness likes: inclinations moreover: in a similar way loving: the activity or sentiment of getting a charge out of an individual, spot, or thing Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsDo you arrange yourself, or orientate yourself?Punctuation Is Powerful

How to Cite a White House Press Briefing

How to Cite a White House Press Briefing (0) Communication from the White House has always been important and press briefings provide loads of raw information that you might find useful for papers, articles, and projects. Citing a White House press briefing might seem difficultâ€"but it’s easier than it seems. Regardless of whether you want to cite a White House press briefing in MLA format, APA format, or Chicago, we have some handy tips to help make the process a little easier for you. When citing a White House press briefing, you must take the following pieces of information into account: Name of government and agency. In this case, it will be “United States, Office of the Press Secretary.” The title of the press briefing that you’re citing The date the press briefing was published The URL (visible in the top of your web browser) The title of the site the briefing was found on The press briefing number (if available) Use the following structure to cite a White house press briefing transcript in MLA 8: Name of Government and Agency. “Title of the Press Briefing.” Title of the Site, Press briefing No., Date of Press Briefing, URL (remove // or //). Here’s how the above example would be cited in MLA 8: United States, Office of the Press Secretary. “Press Briefing by Press Secretary Sean Spicer.” The White House, no. 25, 16 Mar. 2017, www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/16/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-3162017-25. Use the following structure to cite a White house press briefing transcript  in APA: Name of Government and Agency (Producer). (Year, Month Day). Title of press briefing [Interview transcript]. Retrieved from URL *APA rules say to abbreviate “United States” to “U.S.” when the U.S. is used as an adjective. Here’s how the above example would be cited in APA: U.S. Office of the Press Secretary (Producer). (2017, March 16). Press briefing by Press Secretary Sean Spicer, 3/17/2017, #25  [Interview transcript]. Retrieved from //www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/16/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-3162017-25 Use the following structure to cite a White house press briefing transcript in Chicago: Speaker’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Press Briefing.” Title of the Site, Date press briefing took place. Accessed date. URL. *According to The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, citations begin with the either the name of the interviewer or the interviewee. Here’s how the above example would be cited in Chicago: Spicer, Sean. “Press Briefing by Press Secretary Sean Spicer. ”The White House, March 16, 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. //www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/16/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-3162017-25.

Argumentative Essay About Why Smoking Should Be Banned

Ban Smoking in Public Places Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States, and doing it in public is even worse because smokers not only harm themselves, but also those around them. I remember how my great uncle would always smoke in his house regardless of his surroundings. When his daughter visited him for a vacation, she brought her three year old daughter with her. The baby was healthy before coming to her grandpas house, but in less than two weeks, she had developed ear infections and started to cough. When they went to the doctors office to find out how she had gotten it, the doctor linked it back to the second hand smoke that she was breathing in. When my great uncle found out about it, he†¦show more content†¦According to Tree Hugger, cigarette butts have been found inside the stomachs of birds and fishes (McLaren). It is horrible to know that some of the fishes that we have eaten may have been contaminated by cigarette butts. Th ough many smokers already know of the health risks that come with smoking cigarettes, but what most of them do not, is how secondhand smoking can affect other people. â€Å"Breathing in low doses of secondhand smoke can increase a person’s risk of heart attack† according to a study by Dr. Meyers, a professor of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine at University of Kansas (Sciencedaily.com). Smokers should not risk non-smokers for something that they do. In continuation of Dr. Meyers’ study is that, â€Å"secondhand smoking increases the likelihood of a heart attack by making the blood â€Å"sticky†, making it more prone to clotting, and reducing the amount of good cholesterol in the body† (Sciencedaily.com). Non-smokers should not be worrying about paying more medical bills, especially in today’s economic situation. Many businesses provide health insurance to their employees. According to a statistical data collected by Live Strong, empl oyers spend an extra $49 million in medical costs for employees who are exposed to secondhand smoking in their jobs (Nelson). Employers would be able to hire more people with the money that is being used to pay for medical bills that could be prevented. Smoking banned inShow MoreRelatedEssay Smoking Tobacco Smoking811 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Smoking among the Students of Puntod National High School: A Basis for Preventative Measure To Deter Student from Smoking ï » ¿CHAPTER 1 The Problem Introduction The use of tobacco is not a recent phenomenon. It has been said that tobacco plants have grown in North and South America since 6,000 B.C.1. It was also believed that tobacco had many healing qualities which made its use widespread2. In the 17th... Premium 14136 Words 57 Pages Smoking Tobacco smoking FromRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Cigarette Smoking1812 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Cigarette smoking in the Philippines should be banned because it poses a great threat to the health of the family members† Argumentative essay I. Introduction A. It has been an increasing concern about the effects of smoking in the family. B. Cigarette smoking not only affects the smoker but also the others around the smoker. II. Body (Discuss the issue) A. Smoking is mostly caused by sociocultural factors. * They smoke to gain adult status. * They smoke to conformRead MoreWork: Scientific Method and Exploratory Research1888 Words   |  8 Pagesfind out facts about a given topic and from the answers obtained develop new and useful ways of doing things. Critical thinking is a method of thinking that puts assumptions into question to decide whether a given claim is true or false. 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Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesRoger Blench Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail R.Blench@odi.org.uk http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm To whom all correspondence should be addressed. This printout: Novem ber 16, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations: ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Editor’s Preface

Questions On Counseling And Psychological Association...

Running head: COUNSELLING SCENARIO ONE 2 Counselling Ethics Scenario One Alanna Sampson Yorkville University For the purpose of this paper, I will analyze an ethics-based issue and make reference to ethical codes/standards and legislation. I will explain how I would respond to the ethical dilemma by using an ethical decision making model. Martin, Shepard and Lehr (2015) outline the Canadian Counseling and Psychological Association ethical decision-making process in their ethics-based issues and cases. I have chosen to address this scenario according to the six steps in the decision-making process. Step 1: What are the key ethical issues in this situation? (Martin et al., 2015, p. 539) Duty to report legislation aims to protect children and reduce the impacts of neglect and abuse. Walters (1995) states that the ?actual behavior of reporting must be carefully managed in order that it maintain the ethical principles outlined in the C.P.A. Code of Ethics? (p. 179). The client in reference to her father has disclosed child abuse. Regardless of Sally?s wishes to wait until her father moves out, the family will remain at risk while in contact with the abusive family member. It is essential that a call to a caseworker be made while being mindful of the relationship with Sally and attempts to salvage it. What complicates the relationship is that the therapist has only met with this client once before, and has not discussed any of the limits of confidentialityShow MoreRelatedThe American Counseling Association ( Aca ) Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Counseling Association (ACA) developed the code of ethics with six principles in mind that they thought were the foundation for ethical behavior and decision making: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity and veracity (American Counseling Association, 2014). This lead to the six different purposes for the code of ethics. 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Magistrate Power Free Essays

Magistrate power to take cognizance of the offence After the stage of investigation is completed and the final report is forwarded by the police to competent magistrate, the second stage of fair trial begins that is taking of the cognizance of the offence by the magistrate. In this stage some of the necessary steps have to be take place. These steps are: – (i)to take cognizance of the offence, ii)then the magistrate enquire that whether any prima facia case exist against the accused person and if it exist then, (iii)to issue process against the accused person in order to secure his presence at the time of trial, (iv)to supply to the accused person the copies of police statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Magistrate Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cognizance of the offence: – Meaning: – In the Criminal Procedure Code the term ‘Cognizance of the offence’ is not defined but taking the cognizance of the offence is the first step towards the trial. The literally meaning of Cognizance is knowledge or notice and the taking cognizance of offence means taking notice or becoming aware of the commission of the offence. But the meaning of this expression is now well settled by the Courts. Taking cognizance does not involve any formal action of any kind but it occurs as soon as a magistrate applies his mind to the commission of the offence for the purpose of proceedings to take steps towards the Inquiry or Trial. It also includes intention of intention of initiating a judicial proceedings against an offender in respect of an offence. By whom the Cognizance of the offence is taken: – Under Section 190 of the Code, any magistrate of first class may take cognizance of any offence and any magistrate of second class, if specially empowered by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, may take the cognizance of the offence. But the court of session is not to take the cognizance of the offence directly as it is under the original jurisdiction unless the case is given to it by the magistrate. When the cognizance is taken: – A magistrate take the cognizance of the offence: – i)upon receiving a complaint of facts which constitute such offence. (ii)upon a police report of such facts, (iii)upon information received from any person other than a police officer, or upon his own knowledge, that such offence has been committed The word ‘Complaint’ mentioned in the above paragraph is defined under the Section 2(d) of the Code as: – ‘any allegation made orally or in writing to a magistrate with a view to his taking action under this Code, that some person whether known or unknown has committed an offence, but it does not include a police report. So ordinarily a private citizen intending to initiate criminal proceedings in respect of an offence has two ways open to him. He may give information to the police if the offence is cognizable one, or he may go to the magistrate and file a complaint irrespective of the fact that whether the offence is cognizable or noncognizable. Now the question arises whether the magistrate is bound to take the cognizance in the above circumstances. In this the Supreme Court in the case of Gopal Das V. State of Assam (1961) 2 Cri L. J. 39 Observe that Section 190 of the Code does not means that once a complaint is filed, a magistrate is bound to take the cognizance of the offence if the facts stated in the complaint disclose the commission of any offence. But it becomes necessary for the magistrate to consider the reports of the police before taking the cognizance in case the final report is made to the magistrate after the investigation by the police. Transfer of case on the application of the accused: – The magistrate may also take the cognizance of the offence upon his own knowledge or information. But Section 191 of the Code requires that the accused person must have to be inform before taking of any evidence that he is entitled to have the case inquired into or tried by another magistrate and if the accused objects the proceedings being conducted before the magistrate taking the cognizance of the offence, the case will have to be transferred to such other magistrate as may be specified by the Chief Judicial Magistrate. Also the refusal to the request of the transfer in such a case would be illegal. Section 192 of the Code, has empowered the Chief Judicial Magistrate or a duly authorise magistrate of first class to transfer a case to another competent magistrate and the transfer made under the Section 192 can only be made after taking cognizance of the offence. Limitation on the power to take cognizance of an offence: – Section 195-199 are exception to the general rule regarding the cognizance of the offence contained in Section 190. These are given below: – 1. Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servents: – Under Secion 195(1) it is provided that the cognizance of the following offences cannot be taken by any court : – (i)offence is punishable under section 172-188 of the IPC, (ii)offence of abetment, attempt to commit, etc (iii)offence of criminal conspiracy. except on the complaint in writing by the public officer concerned there or the complaint made by any public servent who is senior to the public officer concerned. The section 172-188 of the Code given in this section relates to the offence of contempt of lawful authority of public servants. For example: preventing the service of the summons, not obeying the legal order of the public servants, not producing documents so required by the public servants. and where the complaint has been made by a public servant, any authority to which he is subordinate can order the withdrawl of complaint and send a copy of such order to the court, and on the receipt of such order by the court, no further proceedings shall be taken on the complaint. 2. Prosecution for offence against public justice and for offences relating to the document given in evidence: – Under Section 195(1)(b) no court can take the cognizance: – (i)of any offence punishable under any of the following sections of the I. P. C. namely 193-196, 199,200, 205-211 and 228 when such offence is alleged to have been committed in or in relation to the any proceeding in the court, (ii)of the offence punishable under section 475 or 476 of IPC when such offence is alleged to have been committed in respect of document produced r given in evidence in a proceedings in any court, or iii)of any criminal conspiracy to commit or attempt to commit or the abetment of any offence mentioned above except the complaint in writing of that court, or of some other court to which that court is subordinate. 3. Prosecution for offences against the State: – Under Section 196(1) of the Code, any court shall not take the cognizance of the: – (a)any offence punishable under section 153-A, 153-B, section 295-A or Section 505 of IPC or (b)a criminal conspiracy to commit such offence,or (c)any such abetment, of the offence. xcept with the previous sanction of the Central Government or the State Government. The offences above referred under the IPC relates to the offences against the State, for example : – promoting the enemity between the two groups of people, outraging the religious feeling of particular class etc. The object of this restrictive provision is to prevent unauthorised persons of state does not insitute suit against each other for just a small matter. 4. Prosecution for offence of criminal conspiracy: – Under Section 196(2) any court cannot take the cognizance of the offence which is punishable under S. 120-B of the I. P. Code other than punishable under death, imprisonment for life or other imprisonment for which the term is two years or upward unless the state government or the district magistrate has consented in writing to the intiation of the proceedings. The State Government or the District magistrate may before giving the consent can order the investigation by the police officer. How to cite Magistrate Power, Papers

Magistrate Power Free Essays

Magistrate power to take cognizance of the offence After the stage of investigation is completed and the final report is forwarded by the police to competent magistrate, the second stage of fair trial begins that is taking of the cognizance of the offence by the magistrate. In this stage some of the necessary steps have to be take place. These steps are: – (i)to take cognizance of the offence, ii)then the magistrate enquire that whether any prima facia case exist against the accused person and if it exist then, (iii)to issue process against the accused person in order to secure his presence at the time of trial, (iv)to supply to the accused person the copies of police statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Magistrate Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cognizance of the offence: – Meaning: – In the Criminal Procedure Code the term ‘Cognizance of the offence’ is not defined but taking the cognizance of the offence is the first step towards the trial. The literally meaning of Cognizance is knowledge or notice and the taking cognizance of offence means taking notice or becoming aware of the commission of the offence. But the meaning of this expression is now well settled by the Courts. Taking cognizance does not involve any formal action of any kind but it occurs as soon as a magistrate applies his mind to the commission of the offence for the purpose of proceedings to take steps towards the Inquiry or Trial. It also includes intention of intention of initiating a judicial proceedings against an offender in respect of an offence. By whom the Cognizance of the offence is taken: – Under Section 190 of the Code, any magistrate of first class may take cognizance of any offence and any magistrate of second class, if specially empowered by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, may take the cognizance of the offence. But the court of session is not to take the cognizance of the offence directly as it is under the original jurisdiction unless the case is given to it by the magistrate. When the cognizance is taken: – A magistrate take the cognizance of the offence: – i)upon receiving a complaint of facts which constitute such offence. (ii)upon a police report of such facts, (iii)upon information received from any person other than a police officer, or upon his own knowledge, that such offence has been committed The word ‘Complaint’ mentioned in the above paragraph is defined under the Section 2(d) of the Code as: – ‘any allegation made orally or in writing to a magistrate with a view to his taking action under this Code, that some person whether known or unknown has committed an offence, but it does not include a police report. So ordinarily a private citizen intending to initiate criminal proceedings in respect of an offence has two ways open to him. He may give information to the police if the offence is cognizable one, or he may go to the magistrate and file a complaint irrespective of the fact that whether the offence is cognizable or noncognizable. Now the question arises whether the magistrate is bound to take the cognizance in the above circumstances. In this the Supreme Court in the case of Gopal Das V. State of Assam (1961) 2 Cri L. J. 39 Observe that Section 190 of the Code does not means that once a complaint is filed, a magistrate is bound to take the cognizance of the offence if the facts stated in the complaint disclose the commission of any offence. But it becomes necessary for the magistrate to consider the reports of the police before taking the cognizance in case the final report is made to the magistrate after the investigation by the police. Transfer of case on the application of the accused: – The magistrate may also take the cognizance of the offence upon his own knowledge or information. But Section 191 of the Code requires that the accused person must have to be inform before taking of any evidence that he is entitled to have the case inquired into or tried by another magistrate and if the accused objects the proceedings being conducted before the magistrate taking the cognizance of the offence, the case will have to be transferred to such other magistrate as may be specified by the Chief Judicial Magistrate. Also the refusal to the request of the transfer in such a case would be illegal. Section 192 of the Code, has empowered the Chief Judicial Magistrate or a duly authorise magistrate of first class to transfer a case to another competent magistrate and the transfer made under the Section 192 can only be made after taking cognizance of the offence. Limitation on the power to take cognizance of an offence: – Section 195-199 are exception to the general rule regarding the cognizance of the offence contained in Section 190. These are given below: – 1. Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servents: – Under Secion 195(1) it is provided that the cognizance of the following offences cannot be taken by any court : – (i)offence is punishable under section 172-188 of the IPC, (ii)offence of abetment, attempt to commit, etc (iii)offence of criminal conspiracy. except on the complaint in writing by the public officer concerned there or the complaint made by any public servent who is senior to the public officer concerned. The section 172-188 of the Code given in this section relates to the offence of contempt of lawful authority of public servants. For example: preventing the service of the summons, not obeying the legal order of the public servants, not producing documents so required by the public servants. and where the complaint has been made by a public servant, any authority to which he is subordinate can order the withdrawl of complaint and send a copy of such order to the court, and on the receipt of such order by the court, no further proceedings shall be taken on the complaint. 2. Prosecution for offence against public justice and for offences relating to the document given in evidence: – Under Section 195(1)(b) no court can take the cognizance: – (i)of any offence punishable under any of the following sections of the I. P. C. namely 193-196, 199,200, 205-211 and 228 when such offence is alleged to have been committed in or in relation to the any proceeding in the court, (ii)of the offence punishable under section 475 or 476 of IPC when such offence is alleged to have been committed in respect of document produced r given in evidence in a proceedings in any court, or iii)of any criminal conspiracy to commit or attempt to commit or the abetment of any offence mentioned above except the complaint in writing of that court, or of some other court to which that court is subordinate. 3. Prosecution for offences against the State: – Under Section 196(1) of the Code, any court shall not take the cognizance of the: – (a)any offence punishable under section 153-A, 153-B, section 295-A or Section 505 of IPC or (b)a criminal conspiracy to commit such offence,or (c)any such abetment, of the offence. xcept with the previous sanction of the Central Government or the State Government. The offences above referred under the IPC relates to the offences against the State, for example : – promoting the enemity between the two groups of people, outraging the religious feeling of particular class etc. The object of this restrictive provision is to prevent unauthorised persons of state does not insitute suit against each other for just a small matter. 4. Prosecution for offence of criminal conspiracy: – Under Section 196(2) any court cannot take the cognizance of the offence which is punishable under S. 120-B of the I. P. Code other than punishable under death, imprisonment for life or other imprisonment for which the term is two years or upward unless the state government or the district magistrate has consented in writing to the intiation of the proceedings. The State Government or the District magistrate may before giving the consent can order the investigation by the police officer. How to cite Magistrate Power, Papers